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用于电动汽车的电气测量技术 - 适合高压应用的可靠设备

电气化在各种类别和类型的车辆中发挥着越来越重要的作用。驱动和车辆部件的发展日新月异。对于电池来说尤其如此，电池的效率、尺寸以及充电时间和容量都在不断改进。

电池电压升高，对检测过程的要求不断提高

为了提高车辆性能，趋势显然是更高的电压。目前市场上已有系统电压为 800 V 的乘用车。部分重型车辆达到 1000 V 以上的电压，并且已经在规划 1250 V 或 1500 V DC 系统。特种车辆（例如采矿）的直流电压更高，可达 3.6 kV。由于充电电缆的可操作性，不能任意提高电流，若要实现高充电功率，就必须提高电压。

每辆电动汽车和混动汽车中都安装了大量高压组件，在开发和量产过程中必须检测这些部件的功能、安全性和可靠性。根据汽车行业的现行标准，还需要进行广泛的检测来鉴定部件。

为何选择 Knick?
对于要求苛刻的测量和检测任务，Knick 开发有各种用于在高压范围内测量电流和电压的高精度隔离变送器。此外，也有高度隔离、快速且精准的测量变送器，用于控制高电位下的检测设备。Knick 既提供种类齐全的标准产品，也能够根据应用的具体要求开发定制解决方案。

电动汽车：高压组件

电动汽车需要许多电气测量技术解决方案，例如电动汽车高压组件的开发、生产和检测，以及车载测量、储能和充电过程。

  • PHIL – Power Hardware in the Loop Emulation
  • EOL – End-of-Line Testing
  • Stress Screening

很多部件必须在负荷条件下进行测试。为此，会使用驱动装置仿真之类的高动态过程。负荷试验 (Stress Screening) 也是一种常用的方法，用于在早期阶段监测故障，以及在开发过程中优化部件。目的是，确保所有高压组件在其规定的电压范围内，在所有可能的行驶情况下都能够可靠、安全地工作。除此之外，并行开发和测试部件而不必完成所有相邻的部件，这可以缩短生产和开发时间。

特别要注意负载突变或耦合电容引起的电压峰值等影响。此外，用于信号传输和隔离的技术还必须针对高电压设计，以避免在开发或生产过程中进行测试时对用户造成风险。在极端的行驶或运行条件下进行验证，确保高压车载电气系统的特定设计足以保证车辆运行不受限制。
电动汽车手册


电动汽车领域测试和测量特定应用及产品解决方案总览

相关应用

功率硬件在环 (HIL)
借助 HIL 测试，可以在各种电池、负载和故障情况下评估牵引逆变器等设备的原型，不必在试验台上或车辆中测试逆变器。
检测电池管理系统 (BMS)
测试系统在电池模型中产生控制电压，以便模拟电池管理系统的温度条件，并评估 BMS 的温度管理。
电池循环测试仪
在电池测试过程中，通过 HIL 配置（硬件在环）持续模拟充电和放电过程（电池循环），该配置与电动汽车运行期间的典型使用情况相对应。所测量的一系列参数包括容量、电池效率和自放电。
在线检测高压加热器 (HVH)
生产过程中使用的检测单元通常由防护罩和电压检测器保护。
车辆与充电站之间接口的直流电压测量
可以通过受电弓为电动商用车快速充电。为此需要在（带活动受电弓的）外部基础设施系统和固定安装在车顶上的充电杆之间保持接触。直流车顶配电箱包含检查充电连接和相应电压、以及与其他车载系统建立连接的组件。
工厂检测单元中的电气安全
生产过程中使用的检测单元通常由防护罩和电压检测器保护。

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